Balcony power plant: Landlord's approval: What you as a tenant need to know

The most important points in brief

• Tenants have the right to install a plug-in solar device, provided that no structural changes to the property are necessary.
• Landlords may not prohibit installation without a valid reason.
• Valid reasons for a landlord's refusal include significant visual changes, safety concerns, or structural modifications.
• Early communication with the landlord is recommended to avoid misunderstandings.
• A written request for approval with relevant technical and legal information can be helpful.
• Tenants are responsible for proper installation and compliance with safety regulations.
• Download a sample letter for the landlord
• Registration in the market master data register of the Federal Network Agency is mandatory and must take place no later than four weeks after commissioning.

Increasingly popular

Small photovoltaic systems, also known as balcony power plants, are becoming increasingly popular. Installing a balcony power plant can offer you several advantages. Using solar energy, you can produce your own electricity and thus reduce your electricity costs. But can you, as a tenant, simply install such a balcony solar system? What do you need to consider with your landlord or property owner? Do you even need their permission? We'll answer these questions in this article. But first, a brief overview...

What exactly is a balcony power plant?

A balcony power plant is a mini-PV system that can be installed on a balcony, facade, or terrace. Such a plug-in solar device typically consists of a few solar panels, an inverter, and a connection for a standard electrical outlet. The solar power produced can be used directly in the household, thus reducing grid electricity consumption and lowering energy costs.

What advantages can these mini PV systems offer tenants?

• Reduce energy costs : Lower your electricity bill through self-consumption.
• Independence from the energy supplier : Use self-generated solar power.
• Contribution to the energy transition : Utilizing renewable energy sources and reducing CO₂ emissions.
• Easy installation : no structural changes are usually necessary for assembly.

Legal framework - What does the law say?

Legal changes have been in effect since October 2024.

In October 2024, the German Bundestag created a new legal framework with the Solar Package I. The new legislation made it easier for tenants to install plug-in solar systems. According to the Solar Package I, tenants are generally permitted to install such systems, provided no structural alterations to the property are necessary. However, some requirements must be observed.

Rights and obligations of tenants.

Am I entitled to install a balcony power plant?

As with many other things in Germany, there are clear regulations for this. Since both sides need protection, both tenants and landlords have rights and obligations to which they are bound. Tenants have the right to use a balcony power plant, but must ensure that:

• that the device meets safety standards and is installed correctly.
• No fixed parts of the building will be damaged or altered.
• Registration in the market master data register of the Federal Network Agency takes place.

The landlords, on the other hand...

It can no longer prohibit its use without a valid reason. Such a reason exists, for example, if:

• the building's external appearance will be significantly altered
• Safety concerns exist regarding installation and technical regulations.
• The installation of balcony power plants requires structural alterations. (Hanging them on the balcony railing, for example, does not constitute structural alterations to the building.) Generally, early consultation with the owner and landlord is recommended.

You can read more about legal aspects here .

So what's the best way to proceed?

Communication with the landlord

Early consultation with the landlord is advisable. The following main points should be clarified in a friendly exchange:

• Where will the balcony power plant be installed?
• Will the building structure be altered?
• How is the installation carried out, and who performs it?

A look at the rental agreement or a phone call beforehand might also help you.

Sample template for your approval request

A written application with relevant information facilitates communication. We have provided a template for you to copy. It includes:

• Salutation and subject line
• Reference to the legal situation and tenancy law in the German Civil Code (BGB) § 554 para. 1 bgb.
• Technical specifications of the plug-in solar system
• Paragraph regarding the installation of the system and safety concerns
• Liability & Insurance

Download the template here

Professional installation

For safe use, the following points should be observed:

• Installation by qualified personnel or according to manufacturer's specifications

• Use of tested and standard-compliant components

• Protection against weather influences and secure cabling

Registration with the market master data register of the Federal Network Agency.

Every balcony power plant must be registered with the Federal Network Agency's Market Master Data Register . This registration is free and can be done online. Registration serves to record all decentralized generation plants in Germany and is legally required. Tenants should complete this registration no later than four weeks after commissioning their plug-in solar system. Failure to register may result in legal problems or a demand for subsequent registration by the grid operator.

In summary, let me say

Balcony power plants are becoming increasingly popular. They allow tenants to reduce their electricity costs and actively contribute to the energy transition. Thanks to new legal regulations, installing a balcony power plant has become significantly easier. Nevertheless, tenants should communicate with their landlord beforehand to avoid potential conflicts. The future of plug-in solar devices in rental apartments looks promising, and with proper planning and communication, nothing stands in the way of their use.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Can the landlord prohibit the installation of a balcony power plant?

Only under certain conditions, e.g., if the appearance is massively altered or structural measures are required.

Who bears the costs for installation and maintenance?

The tenant bears the costs unless otherwise agreed with the landlord.

What happens to the balcony power plant when the tenant moves out?

As a rule, the balcony power plant can be easily dismantled and taken away.